CHAPTER I LOGIC, ALGORITHMS, flowchart and PASCAL PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION

A. Definition of Logic, Algorithm, Program and Flowchart.

• ·         LOGIC:

Logic comes from the Greek logos meaning science. The logic is basically philosophical thinking. Thinking means doing an act that has a purpose. So understanding of logic is the science of thinking / way of thinking with a variety of actions that have a specific purpose.

• ·         ALGORITHM:

In the Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, the term algorithm is defined as a procedure step by step to solve a problem or complete a task. Big Indonesian Dictionary (KBBI) defines the algorithm as a logical sequence of decision making for solving the problem.

Tools to write the logic and algorithms, one of which is the flowchart.

• ·         FLOWCHART:

description in the form of flow charts of algorithms in a program or procedure in logic system, which states the program flow in solving a problem.

• ·         SIMBOL Flowchart 

• ·         Pedoman-pedoman dalam Membuat Flowchart:

1. Flow chart should be drawn from top to bottom and start from the left side of a page.

2. Activity in the flow chart should be shown clearly.

3. Must be presented from which activity begins and where it will end (starting from one point of START and ends with END).

4. Each activity in the flow chart should be used a word that represents a job, for example:

- "Prepare a" document

5. Each activity in the flow chart should be in the proper sequence.

6. Activities that will be cut and spliced ​​in other places should be shown clearly using symbolic links.

7. Use the flow chart symbols are standard.

Broadly speaking, There are 3 main sections in the flowchart:

B. IMPLEMENTASI DALAM PROGRAM PASCAL

• ·         PROGRAM:

Kumpulan instruksi (statements) yang disusun secara logis untuk memecahkan suatu masalah. Instruksi-instruksi yang digunakan disesuaikan dengan jenis bahasa pemrograman yang digunakan (reserved word yang disediakan).

• ·         Stuktur Penulisan Pascal:

Program Nama_Program;

uses

     . . .  {Unit-unit yang dipakai} ;

label

     . . .  {label-label yang dipakai } ;

const

     . . .  {pengumuman tetapan-tetapan} ;

type

     . . .  { pengumuman tipe-tipe data };

var

     . . .  { pengumuman peubah-peubah };

procedure Nama_Prosedur;

begin

    . . .

end;

Function Nama_Fungsi;

begin

    . . .

end;

{  Program utama   }

begin

    . . .

end.